Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a type of cancer that starts in the lining of the stomach. It is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, and the third leading cause of cancer death.
The symptoms of gastric cancer can vary depending on the stage of the cancer. Early symptoms may be vague and nonspecific, such as:
Indigestion
Heartburn
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
As the cancer progresses, other symptoms may develop, such as:
Difficulty swallowing
Blood in the stool
Jaundice
Ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen)
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving the chances of survival for gastric cancer.
What causes gastric cancer?
The exact cause of gastric cancer is unknown, but there are a number of factors that are thought to increase the risk, including:
Helicobacter pylori infection: This is a common bacterium that can cause stomach inflammation.
Family history: If you have a family history of gastric cancer, you are at an increased risk.
Diet: A diet high in processed foods, red meat, and salt is thought to increase the risk of gastric cancer.
Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of gastric cancer, as does exposure to asbestos.
How is gastric cancer diagnosed?
If you are experiencing symptoms that may be indicative of gastric cancer, your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and order some tests, such as:
Blood tests: These tests can help to rule out other conditions and determine if there are any signs of anemia.
Endoscopy: This is a procedure where a doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the stomach to look for any abnormalities.
Biopsy: If the doctor finds any suspicious areas during an endoscopy, they may take a biopsy to remove a small piece of tissue for further testing.
How is gastric cancer treated?
The treatment for gastric cancer depends on the stage of the cancer and the patient’s overall health. Treatment options may include:
Surgery: This is the most common treatment for gastric cancer. The type of surgery that is performed will depend on the stage of the cancer.
Chemotherapy: This is a treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be used before or after surgery, or as a standalone treatment.
Radiation therapy: This is a treatment that uses radiation to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy may be used before or after surgery, or as a standalone treatment.
The outlook for gastric cancer
The outlook for gastric cancer depends on the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis. Early-stage gastric cancer is often curable, but the outlook for advanced gastric cancer is not as good.
If you have been diagnosed with gastric cancer, it is important to work with your doctor to develop a treatment plan that is right for you. With early diagnosis and treatment, many people with gastric cancer can live long and healthy lives.
Here are some tips for preventing gastric cancer:
Eat a healthy diet: This means eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Avoid processed foods, red meat, and salt.
Do not smoke.
Get vaccinated against Helicobacter pylori.
If you have a family history of gastric cancer, talk to your doctor about your risk.