Fregoli syndrome, also known as the “Fregoli delusion,” is a rare psychiatric disorder characterised by a belief held by an individual that different people are actually the same person in various disguises or appearances. The syndrome is named after the Italian actor Leopoldo Fregoli, who was renowned for his ability to make rapid changes in appearance during his performances.
Individuals with Fregoli syndrome may believe that strangers, acquaintances, or even family members are actually a single person who is adopting different identities to deceive or persecute them. They may have a heightened sense of familiarity with these individuals and perceive them as being able to change their appearance effortlessly. This conviction is typically accompanied by paranoia, anxiety, and feelings of persecution.
The exact cause of Fregoli syndrome is unknown, but it is thought to be related to certain neurological or psychiatric conditions such as Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, or organic brain damage. It may also be associated with disruptions in the brain regions responsible for facial recognition and familiarity processing.
Diagnosing Fregoli syndrome can be challenging, as individuals with the condition may be reluctant to disclose their beliefs due to fear of ridicule or disbelief. Psychiatrists typically rely on detailed clinical interviews, observations, and a comprehensive evaluation of the individual’s mental state to make a diagnosis.
Treatment for Fregoli syndrome typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) can help individuals challenge and modify their distorted beliefs, while antipsychotic medications may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms associated with underlying psychiatric conditions.
Fregoli syndrome is a rare disorder, and most people may not be familiar with it. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms that resemble Fregoli syndrome, it is advisable to seek professional help from a qualified mental health practitioner for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.