Autocannibalism, also known as self-cannibalism, refers to the act of consuming one’s own body parts or tissues. This behaviour is extremely rare and often associated with severe mental disorders or extreme cases of self-harm. It is considered highly dangerous and potentially life-threatening.
Types of autocannibalism
Allotriophagia, also known as pica, happens when a person eats items that have no nutritional value. These can include relatively harmless nonfood items such as ice or more harmful items such as paint chips.
Onychophagia is characterised by an uncontrollable urge to eat the nails. Unlike the anxious habit of nail-biting, this condition causes considerable damage to the fingernails.
Dermatophagia is characterised by eating the skin on the fingers or hands. This condition is more serious than simply picking at a hangnail, and it often leads to skin that is damaged and bleeding.
Trichophagia, or Rapunzel syndrome, happens when a person feels compelled to eat their own hair. Since hair can’t be digested, this can lead to blockages or infections in the digestive tract.
Treatment
Psychotherapy: Various forms of psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), or psychodynamic therapy, may be employed to address the underlying psychological issues and help the individual develop healthier coping mechanisms and behaviours.
Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to manage associated mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or psychotic disorders. Psychiatric medication can help alleviate symptoms and provide stabilisation.
Supportive care: The person may require a supportive and structured environment to ensure their safety and prevent further harm. This may involve hospitalisation or residential treatment programmes where professionals can monitor and provide round-the-clock care.
Coordinated care: Collaboration among mental health professionals, physicians, and other specialists may be necessary to address any physical injuries or complications resulting from the autocannibalistic behaviour.
Safety planning: Developing a safety plan is essential to help the individual avoid engaging in self-harming behaviours. This plan may include identifying triggers, implementing coping strategies, and establishing a support network to provide assistance during difficult moments.