Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction and behavior. Identifying signs of autism in children at an early age is crucial for intervention and support. The purpose of this article is to provide parents and caregivers with a comprehensive guide to recognizing potential signs of autism in children. Aware of these indicators, families can seek appropriate professional help and create a favorable environment for the child’s growth and development.
One of the most important areas of autism is social interaction. Children with autism can have problems in the following ways:
● Delayed speech and language: Delayed onset or limited development of speech and language can be an early sign of autism. Children may have difficulty expressing needs, starting or continuing conversations, or understanding nonverbal cues.
● Lack of eye contact and joint attention: Avoiding eye contact and not sharing attention or interests with others are common signs. Children may appear indifferent to people or objects and may have difficulty tracking or pointing to objects of interest.
● Poor understanding of social cues: Difficulty understanding gestures, facial expressions, or tone of voice may indicate social communication challenges associated with autism. Children may miss social cues that guide interactions, which can lead to social awkwardness or inappropriate reactions.
Repetitive behaviour and restricted interests
Children with autism often have repetitive behaviours and limited interests, such as:
● Stereotyped movements: Repetitive body movements such as arm swinging, rocking or turning may be observed. These behaviors are self-stimulating and help children cope with sensory overload.
● Fixation on specific objects or objects: Intense focus on specific objects, subjects or activities may occur. Children can have an encyclopedic knowledge of certain subjects that often exceeds that of their peers.
● Resistance to change: Autistic children often prefer routine and struggle with change. Unexpected changes in the environment or agenda can cause pain and lead to breakdowns.
Sensory sensitivity
Many children with autism experience sensory sensitivity, or differences in how they perceive and process sensory information:
Hypersensitivity: Certain sounds, lights, textures or smells can cause extreme reactions in children with autism. They may cover their ears, avoid certain textures, or become overwhelmed in crowded or noisy environments. Some children may have a reduced response to the senses and desire intense sensory experiences. They may touch too much or seek out certain textures or sensations.
Recognising the signs of autism in children is essential for early intervention and support. The signs discussed in this article, including challenges in social interaction, repetitive behaviours, restricted interests, sensory sensitivities, and difficulties in social interaction, can serve as guidelines for parents and caregivers. If parents notice several signs or are concerned about their child’s development, it is recommended to consult with health professionals or specialists.