Depersonalisation disorder, also known as depersonalisation-derealisation disorder (DDD), is a dissociative disorder characterised by a persistent and distressing experience of detachment or estrangement from oneself or the surrounding environment.
Individuals with depersonalisation disorder may feel as though they are observing themselves from outside their bodies or that they have a distorted sense of reality.
Here are some key points about depersonalisation disorder:
Symptoms
The primary symptoms of depersonalisation disorder are persistent or recurring experiences of feeling detached from one’s body, emotions, thoughts, or sensations. Some individuals also experience a sense of detachment from their surroundings, known as derealisation. These symptoms can cause significant distress and impairment in daily functioning.
People with depersonalisation disorder often describe feeling like an outside observer of their thoughts, feelings, and actions. They may also describe a sense of emotional numbness or a lack of a sense of self.
The symptoms can vary in intensity and may be triggered by stress, trauma, or other factors.
Depersonalisation disorder frequently co-occurs with other mental health conditions, such as anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or panic disorder. It is essential for healthcare professionals to assess and address these co-morbidities during diagnosis and treatment.
Causes
The exact cause of depersonalisation disorder is not fully understood. However, it is believed to result from a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Traumatic experiences, chronic stress, and certain personality traits may contribute to the development of the disorder.
Treatment
There is no specific medication approved for the treatment of depersonalisation disorder. However, psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), is often recommended as the first-line treatment. CBT aims to help individuals understand and manage their symptoms, develop coping strategies, and address underlying psychological issues.