Cotard delusion, also known as Cotard’s syndrome or nihilistic delusion, is a rare psychiatric disorder characterised by the false belief that one is dead, does not exist, or has lost their organs, blood, or other body parts. Individuals with Cotard delusion often experience a profound sense of negation or emptiness and may deny the reality of their own existence.
The delusion was first described by Jules Cotard, a French neurologist, in 1880. Cotard initially referred to the condition as “negation delirium” and described it as a state where patients deny their own existence, claiming that they are either already dead or have lost their internal organs.
The exact cause of Cotard delusion is not well understood, but it is generally believed to be associated with underlying psychiatric conditions, particularly mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder. It can also occur in conjunction with other mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia or neurological conditions like epilepsy or brain injury.
Symptoms of Cotard delusion can vary in severity and may include,
Nihilistic beliefs: A strong conviction that one is dead, does not exist, or has lost essential body parts or bodily functions.
Self-negation: Feeling detached from one’s body or believing that one’s body is decaying or lacking vital organs.
Despair and self-deprecation: Profound feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, or guilt.
Psychomotor disturbance: Reduced movement or extreme agitation.
Suicidal thoughts or behaviors: Due to the belief that one is already dead or devoid of existence.
Treatment
Treatment for Cotard delusion typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help individuals challenge and modify their delusional beliefs. Medications such as antidepressants or antipsychotics may be prescribed to address underlying mood or psychotic symptoms.